Beardsmore, G. R.
Crustal heat flow : a guide to measurement and modelling / G.R. Beardsmore, J.P. Cull. - Cambridge, UK ; New York : Cambridge University Press, 2001. - x, 324 p. : ill. ; 27 cm.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 303-319) and index.
Machine generated contents note: PART ONE. TIE THERMAL STATE OF THE EARI'TH -- 1. Terrestrial Heat -- 1.1. The Origin of the Earth -- 1.2. The Present Thermal State of the Earth -- 1.3. Basic Heat Flow Terms -- 1.4. Units -- 1.5. IHeat Flow Resources -- 1.6. Summary -- 2. Heat Generation -- 2.1. Radiogenic lHeat -- 2.1.1. Heat Flow Provinces -- 2.1.2. Radiogenic Heat Generation from Well Logs -- 2.1.3. Seismic Correlations -- 2.2. Frictional Heating along Faults -- 2.3. Metamorphic Reactions -- 2.4. Summary -- PART TWO. MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES -- 3. Thermal Gradient -- 3.1. Direct Measurement Techniques -- 3.1.1. Precision Temperature Logs -- 3.1.2. Deep-Water Probes -- 3.1.3. Borehole Convection -- 3.1.4. Bottom-Hole Temperatures in Deep Wells -- 3.2. Indirect Temperature Indicators -- 3.2.1. Groundwater Geochemistry -- 3.2.2. Curie Depth -- 3.2.3. Xenoliths -- 3.2.4. Upper Mantle Resistivity -- 3.3. Surface Temperature -- 3.3.1. Offshore -- 3.3.2. Onshore -- 3.3.3. Daily and Seasonal Cycles -- 3.3.4. Climate Changes -- 3.4. Data Integration -- 3.5. Summary -- 4. Thermal Conductivity -- 4.1. Heat Transfer Theory -- 4.1.1. Phonon Conduction -- 4.1.2. Radiation -- 4.2. Mixing Laws -- 4.2.1. Harmonic Mean -- 4.2.2. Arithmetic Mean -- 4.2.3. Geometric or Square-Root Mean -- 4.3. Measurements of Rock Conductivity -- 4.3.1. The Lithological Column and Porosity Data -- 4.3.2. Sample Preparation -- 4.3.3. Steady-State Method -- 4.3.4. Transient Methods -- 4.3.5. Compaction Models -- 4.3.6. Bulk Rock Thermal Conductivity -- 4.3.7. Temperature Correction -- 4.4. Well Log Analysis -- 4.5. Shale Conductivity -- 4.6. Summary -- 5. Thermal Maturity -- 5.1. The Generation of Hydrocarbons from Organic Matter -- 5.1.1. Kerogen -- 5.1.2. Kinetics -- 5.2. Geochemical Indicators of Maximum Palaeotemperature -- 5.2.1. Vitrinite Reflectance (VR) -- 5.2.2. Fluorescence Alteration of Multiple Macerals (FAMM) -- 5.2.3. Thermal Alteration Index (TAI) -- 5.2.4. Conodont Alteration Index (CAI) -- 5.2.5. Clay Mineralogy -- 5.2.6. Pyrolysis (RockEval) -- 5.2.7. Fluid Inclusion Microthermometry (FIM) -- 5.2.8. Molecular Biomarkers -- 5.3. Fission Track Thermochronology (FTT) -- 5.3.1. Choice and Preparation of Samples -- 5.3.2. Analysis and Interpretation -- 5.3.3. Limitations to FTT -- 5.4. Deciding which Thermal Maturity Indicators to Use -- 5.5. Summary -- PART THREE. MODELLING TECHNIQUES -- 6. Heat Flow -- 6.1. Product Method -- 6.2. Bullard Plots -- 6.3. Non-Linear Bullard Plots -- 6.3.1. Reasons for Non-Linear Bullard Plots -- 6.3.2. Climatology -- 6.3.3. Sedimentation -- 6.3.4. Erosion -- 6.3.5. Groundwater Migration -- 6.3.6. Deep Flow of Hot Fluids -- 6.4. Non-Vertical Heat Flow -- 6.4.1. Basement Relief -- 6.4.2. Topography -- 6.4.3. Salt Domes -- 6.5. Heat Flow Correlations -- 6.5.1. Heat Flow and Heat Production -- 6.5.2. Heat Flow and Continental Age -- 6.5.3. Heat Flow and Oceanic Age -- 6.5.4. Heat Flow and Seismic Data -- 6.5.5. Heat Flow and Electrical Conductivity -- 6.6. Summary -- 7. Lithospheric Models -- 7.1. Stable Lithosphere -- 7.1.1. Oceanic Lithosphere -- 7.1.2. Continental Lithosphere -- 7.2. Hot Spots -- 7.2.1. Cause of Hot Spots -- 7.2.2. Thermal Effect of Hot Spots -- 7.3. Subduction Zones -- 7.3.1. Driving Forces -- 7.3.2. Trenches -- 7.3.3. Island Arcs -- 7.3.4. Back-Arc Basins -- 7.3.5. Continental Collision -- 7.4. Extension -- 7.4.1. Instantaneous Pure Shear -- 7.4.2. Constant Pure Shear -- 7.4.3. Simple Shear -- 7.4.4. A Pure-Shear/Simple-Shear Coupled Model -- 7.4.5. The Blanketing Effect of Sediments -- 7.4.6. Underplating -- 7.4.7. Passive Margins -- 7.5. Summary -- 8. Numerical Modelling -- 8.1. Finite Difference Approximations -- 8.2. Relaxation -- 8.2.1. Discretising the Model -- 8.2.2. Boundary Conditions -- 8.2.3. Equilibrium Nodal Temperature -- 8.2.4. Precision -- 8.3. Errors -- 8.3.1. Discretisation Error -- 8.3.2. Round-Off Error -- 8.4. Summary -- 9. Unravelling the Thermal History of Sedimentary Basins -- 9.1. Determining Present Heat Flow Distribution -- 9.2. Understanding the Tectonic History of the Basin -- 9.3. Determining the Stretching Factor, / -- 9.4. Determining the Heat Flow Anomaly and Distribution for -- each ''ime Step -- 9.5. Solving for Temperature Distribution In Crust -- 9.6. Summary -- References -- Index.
0521792894 9780521797030
00048634
Terrestrial heat flow--Measurement.
Earth (Planet)--Crust.
QE509.8 / .B43 2001
551.1/4
Crustal heat flow : a guide to measurement and modelling / G.R. Beardsmore, J.P. Cull. - Cambridge, UK ; New York : Cambridge University Press, 2001. - x, 324 p. : ill. ; 27 cm.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 303-319) and index.
Machine generated contents note: PART ONE. TIE THERMAL STATE OF THE EARI'TH -- 1. Terrestrial Heat -- 1.1. The Origin of the Earth -- 1.2. The Present Thermal State of the Earth -- 1.3. Basic Heat Flow Terms -- 1.4. Units -- 1.5. IHeat Flow Resources -- 1.6. Summary -- 2. Heat Generation -- 2.1. Radiogenic lHeat -- 2.1.1. Heat Flow Provinces -- 2.1.2. Radiogenic Heat Generation from Well Logs -- 2.1.3. Seismic Correlations -- 2.2. Frictional Heating along Faults -- 2.3. Metamorphic Reactions -- 2.4. Summary -- PART TWO. MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES -- 3. Thermal Gradient -- 3.1. Direct Measurement Techniques -- 3.1.1. Precision Temperature Logs -- 3.1.2. Deep-Water Probes -- 3.1.3. Borehole Convection -- 3.1.4. Bottom-Hole Temperatures in Deep Wells -- 3.2. Indirect Temperature Indicators -- 3.2.1. Groundwater Geochemistry -- 3.2.2. Curie Depth -- 3.2.3. Xenoliths -- 3.2.4. Upper Mantle Resistivity -- 3.3. Surface Temperature -- 3.3.1. Offshore -- 3.3.2. Onshore -- 3.3.3. Daily and Seasonal Cycles -- 3.3.4. Climate Changes -- 3.4. Data Integration -- 3.5. Summary -- 4. Thermal Conductivity -- 4.1. Heat Transfer Theory -- 4.1.1. Phonon Conduction -- 4.1.2. Radiation -- 4.2. Mixing Laws -- 4.2.1. Harmonic Mean -- 4.2.2. Arithmetic Mean -- 4.2.3. Geometric or Square-Root Mean -- 4.3. Measurements of Rock Conductivity -- 4.3.1. The Lithological Column and Porosity Data -- 4.3.2. Sample Preparation -- 4.3.3. Steady-State Method -- 4.3.4. Transient Methods -- 4.3.5. Compaction Models -- 4.3.6. Bulk Rock Thermal Conductivity -- 4.3.7. Temperature Correction -- 4.4. Well Log Analysis -- 4.5. Shale Conductivity -- 4.6. Summary -- 5. Thermal Maturity -- 5.1. The Generation of Hydrocarbons from Organic Matter -- 5.1.1. Kerogen -- 5.1.2. Kinetics -- 5.2. Geochemical Indicators of Maximum Palaeotemperature -- 5.2.1. Vitrinite Reflectance (VR) -- 5.2.2. Fluorescence Alteration of Multiple Macerals (FAMM) -- 5.2.3. Thermal Alteration Index (TAI) -- 5.2.4. Conodont Alteration Index (CAI) -- 5.2.5. Clay Mineralogy -- 5.2.6. Pyrolysis (RockEval) -- 5.2.7. Fluid Inclusion Microthermometry (FIM) -- 5.2.8. Molecular Biomarkers -- 5.3. Fission Track Thermochronology (FTT) -- 5.3.1. Choice and Preparation of Samples -- 5.3.2. Analysis and Interpretation -- 5.3.3. Limitations to FTT -- 5.4. Deciding which Thermal Maturity Indicators to Use -- 5.5. Summary -- PART THREE. MODELLING TECHNIQUES -- 6. Heat Flow -- 6.1. Product Method -- 6.2. Bullard Plots -- 6.3. Non-Linear Bullard Plots -- 6.3.1. Reasons for Non-Linear Bullard Plots -- 6.3.2. Climatology -- 6.3.3. Sedimentation -- 6.3.4. Erosion -- 6.3.5. Groundwater Migration -- 6.3.6. Deep Flow of Hot Fluids -- 6.4. Non-Vertical Heat Flow -- 6.4.1. Basement Relief -- 6.4.2. Topography -- 6.4.3. Salt Domes -- 6.5. Heat Flow Correlations -- 6.5.1. Heat Flow and Heat Production -- 6.5.2. Heat Flow and Continental Age -- 6.5.3. Heat Flow and Oceanic Age -- 6.5.4. Heat Flow and Seismic Data -- 6.5.5. Heat Flow and Electrical Conductivity -- 6.6. Summary -- 7. Lithospheric Models -- 7.1. Stable Lithosphere -- 7.1.1. Oceanic Lithosphere -- 7.1.2. Continental Lithosphere -- 7.2. Hot Spots -- 7.2.1. Cause of Hot Spots -- 7.2.2. Thermal Effect of Hot Spots -- 7.3. Subduction Zones -- 7.3.1. Driving Forces -- 7.3.2. Trenches -- 7.3.3. Island Arcs -- 7.3.4. Back-Arc Basins -- 7.3.5. Continental Collision -- 7.4. Extension -- 7.4.1. Instantaneous Pure Shear -- 7.4.2. Constant Pure Shear -- 7.4.3. Simple Shear -- 7.4.4. A Pure-Shear/Simple-Shear Coupled Model -- 7.4.5. The Blanketing Effect of Sediments -- 7.4.6. Underplating -- 7.4.7. Passive Margins -- 7.5. Summary -- 8. Numerical Modelling -- 8.1. Finite Difference Approximations -- 8.2. Relaxation -- 8.2.1. Discretising the Model -- 8.2.2. Boundary Conditions -- 8.2.3. Equilibrium Nodal Temperature -- 8.2.4. Precision -- 8.3. Errors -- 8.3.1. Discretisation Error -- 8.3.2. Round-Off Error -- 8.4. Summary -- 9. Unravelling the Thermal History of Sedimentary Basins -- 9.1. Determining Present Heat Flow Distribution -- 9.2. Understanding the Tectonic History of the Basin -- 9.3. Determining the Stretching Factor, / -- 9.4. Determining the Heat Flow Anomaly and Distribution for -- each ''ime Step -- 9.5. Solving for Temperature Distribution In Crust -- 9.6. Summary -- References -- Index.
0521792894 9780521797030
00048634
Terrestrial heat flow--Measurement.
Earth (Planet)--Crust.
QE509.8 / .B43 2001
551.1/4
